Having the right resources in the right place is a key part of military readiness. Imagine basing a squadron of unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, in an area which severely limits unmanned flight. Their readiness would be drastically constrained.

Unfortunately, not all military resources are currently situated to maximize readiness. Congress and Defense Secretary James Mattis can start to fix that by using Base Realignment and Closures (BRAC) to better manage infrastructure and forces. For the last five years, the Pentagon has sought congressional authority to conduct another round of BRAC and has been denied every year. This year, Congress should grant the request.

Lucian Niemeyer, assistant secretary for energy, installations and environment at the U.S. Department of Defense, recently explained why at a Heritage Foundation panel discussion: “The BRAC process offers us the opportunity to address readiness by providing our forces the best possible ranges and installations for them to be stationed at.”

His fellow panelists Anthony Principi, chairman of the 2005 BRAC Commission, and Andrew Hunter, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, agreed that a new round of BRAC is needed to align our military infrastructure with the demands of the future force structure.

Since 1977, Congress has severely restricted the Defense Department authority to make decisions regarding the distribution of military bases in the country. The BRAC process was created as a political compromise between Congress and the executive branch to allow the department to close and realign military bases.

We’ve gone through five different BRAC rounds since then. The process has proved to be the best and really the only feasible tool available to Pentagon for reshaping its physical infrastructure. Since the 2005 round ended, however, Congress has refused to let the Defense Department use it.

Currently, the department estimates that it is carrying infrastructure of more than 20 percent excess capacity. Once Congress authorizes a new BRAC round, the Pentagon can do a more detailed assessment of its excess infrastructure and recommend which installations should be realigned or closed. As part of the BRAC methodology, the department folds into its recommendations an assessment of the optimal geographic distribution of its resources.

As Hunter pointed out in the panel discussion, both leaders of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Chairman John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Ranking Member Jack Reed (D-R.I.), want to move forward. Both have circulated an amendment to this year’s National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) that would authorize a new round of BRAC, and also modify some provisions of the law.

House Armed Services Committee Ranking Member Adam Smith (D-Wash.) also wrote BRAC authorizing legislation, demonstrating commitment and willingness to support a new round. Now, it is up to the congressional leadership to authorize a new round of BRAC, when the two houses meet in conference to discuss the NDAA.

As Principi noted, the BRAC process includes several provisions that help communities recover from adverse economic effects occasioned by a base closure or reduction. Historically, communities with bases on a BRAC list have not experienced the dire consequences initially forecast by naysayers. Instead, they’ve been able to recover nicely.

A new round authorized this year would enable the Defense Department to adapt its infrastructure to accommodate the force structure changes called for in the new national defense strategy. A BRAC round is not merely an exercise in closing bases to save money. It’s a process whereby the Defense Department conducts a holistic assessment of its physical infrastructure for military value, in order to distribute those assets for maximum effectiveness. By relocating missions to the installations in which they enjoy military comparative advantages, the process increases the preparedness of the force.

A new round would help the Pentagon better execute the concepts developed in the defense reviews that are now underway. Congress can and should be a partner in the transformation necessary to improve the readiness and lethality of our armed forces for years to come. Authorizing a new round of BRAC would be a great start.